The Bhartiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (BNS), a significant reform in Indian criminal law, introduces provisions relating to sexual offences. The study examines the impact of these changes on victims, accused, and witnesses, focusing on their alignment with criminal jurisprudence and constitutional principles. The BNS includes redefining sexual offences, strengthening victim-centric approaches, and introducing measures to safeguard under-trial people and witnesses. It aims to expedite justice, enhance protections, and ensure victims dignity.

The global fight against money laundering and financial crimes has seen significant advancements in regulatory frameworks, technological integration, and international cooperation. Countries like the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, and the United Arab Emirates have implemented robust measures to address these evolving threats.

The rise of ESG practices, coupled with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) regulations, has transformed the global business landscape, emphasizing sustainability, accountability, and transparency. ESG reporting serves as a critical tool for evaluating non-financial performance, addressing environmental and social risks, and enhancing governance standards. This paper examines the evolution of ESG compliance frameworks, particularly in India, highlighting the significance of mandatory disclosures like the Business Responsibility and Sustainability Reporting (BRSR) framework under SEBI. It explores the interplay between CSR and ESG, underscoring how these principles collectively foster economic growth while addressing societal challenges. Key challenges, such as data inconsistencies, greenwashing, and lack of standardized reporting, are also discussed, along with recommendations for robust enforcement and stakeholder engagement.